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Chiropractic History

Chiropractic Education

CHIROPRACTIC
SCHOOL CURRICULUM

(Life Chiropractic College West)

 

Department of Anatomy and Chemistry

ANAT-110 Systemic and Histologic Anatomy 5 units, 55 hours
This course is an introduction to the functional morphology and microanatomy of the human body. Emphasis is given to enhancement of the student's working vocabulary as it relates to human structure. A survey of human systems is given. The microanatomy is described at the tissue level of organization. Correlation of structure and function of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues is emphasized. The laboratory portion of the course will involve microscopic identification of human tissues.

ANAT-111 Skeletal Anatomy 2 units, 22 hours
An integrative approach to the skeletal system is taken in this course. Included are detailed gross and microscopic anatomy of bones and joints; their respective classifications; structure-function correlations; osteogenesis; and chondrogenesis. The student should expect to develop a basic vocabulary of terms relating to the osseous and cartilaginous components of the body. Laboratory consists of learning the detailed gross anatomic features of all bones, their relationship to muscles and nerves, and comparative radiographic views.

ANAT-114 Peripheral Neuroanatomy 4 units, 44 hours
This course deals with the cranial nerves, their central connections in the brain, and their distribution. Subsequent studies concentrate on the spinal nerves and their peripheral distribution. Theories of segmental nerve interference and dysfunction are explored.

ANAT-125 Embryology 3 units, 33 hours
A basic course dealing with genetics, fertilization, and the developmental process. Consideration is given to the general pattern of development of specific organ systems. Principles of development are stressed. Prerequisites: PHYS-115, ANAT-110

ANAT-126 Regional Anatomy I 3 units, 33 hours
The anatomy of the upper and lower extremities is studied through the regional approach. Muscles, vessels, nerves, joints and connective structures are examined and correlated to show their functional as well as structural relationships. The laboratory portion of the class consists of the study of embalmed cadavers. The student will learn dissecting procedures and techniques to locate and identify specific muscles, nerves and vessels of the limbs and girdles. The relationships of these structures will be stressed giving the student a functional understanding of body mechanisms. Prerequisites: ANAT-114, ANAT-125

CHEM-121 Biochemistry I 5 units, 55 hours
Biochemistry I covers carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, proteins, enzymes, and enzyme kinetics. Physiological aspects of the living organism are emphasized. Prerequisite: PHYS-115

CHEM-133 Biochemistry II 5 units, 55 hours
Biochemistry II deals with the metabolic processes, electron transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Included is an introduction to pathological chemistry and physiology; e.g. changes in the blood and urine which reflect abnormal metabolic processes. Prerequisite: CHEM-121

CHEM-223 Clinical Nutrition 5 units, 55 hours
This course investigates the philosophy and practice of nutrition in relation to chiropractic. The biochemistry of nutrients is presented, with special reference to the role of nutritional factors in the etiology of heart disease, hypertension, osteoporosis, and cancer. Attention is also given to gastro-intestinal function, particularly in relation to understanding food allergies and the effects of certain foods on hormonal balance. Prerequisites: CHEM-133, PHPA-213, ANAT-219

ANAT-137 Central Neuroanatomy 2 units, 22 hours
This course conducts a detailed examination of the brain and spinal cord. Emphasis is placed upon the anatomical and functional organization of the central nervous system. Laboratory examination of preserved human brain tissue is included. Prerequisites: ANAT-114, ANAT-125

ANAT-139 Central Neuroanatomy Lecture/Lab 1 units, 11 hours
This course conducts a detailed examination of the brain and spinal cord. Emphasis is placed upon the anatomical and functional organization of the central nervous system. Laboratory examination of preserved human brain tissue is included. Prerequisites: ANAT-114, ANAT-125

ANAT-138 Regional Anatomy II 4 units, 44 hours
This course examines the anatomy of the head and neck. The general structure and actions of the muscles, as well as the anatomy of the joints, cranial cavity, viscerocranium, and neurovascular distribution, will be studied. The laboratory portion of the course will consist of embalmed cadaver dissection. The student will learn dissection procedures and techniques to locate and identify specific structures of the face, cranium, and neck. The relationships of these structures will be stressed, giving the student a functional understanding of body mechanisms. Prerequisites: ANAT-111, ANAT-126

ANAT-219 Regional Anatomy III 4 units, 44 hours
This course is an examination of the anatomical relationships, contents, and functions of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Emphasis is placed upon the interrelationships of the various systems of the body. An understanding of internal organ structure and function provides the doctor of chiropractic with information which may be correlated with neurological knowledge they are trained to apply. The laboratory portion of the course will consist of embalmed cadaver dissection. The student will learn dissection techniques and procedures in order to locate and identify specific structures of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Prerequisite: ANAT-138

ANAT-610 Systemic and Histologic Anatomy Lab 1 units, 22 hours
This course is an introduction to the functional morphology and microanatomy of the human body. Emphasis is given to enhancement of the student's working vocabulary as it relates to human structure. A survey of human systems is given. The microanatomy is described at the tissue level of organization. Correlation of structure and function of epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous tissues is emphasized. The laboratory portion of the course will involve microscopic identification of human tissues.

ANAT-611 Skeletal Anatomy Lab 1.5 units, 33 hours
An integrative approach to the skeletal system is taken in this course. Included are detailed gross and microscopic anatomy of bones and joints; their respective classifications; structure-function correlations; osteogenesis; and chondrogenesis. The student should expect to develop a basic vocabulary of terms relating to the osseous and cartilaginous components of the body. Laboratory consists of learning the detailed gross anatomic features of all bones, their relationship to muscles and nerves, and comparative radiographic views.

ANAT-626 Regional Anatomy I Lab 1.5 units, 33 hours
The anatomy of the upper and lower extremities is studied through the regional approach. Muscles, vessels, nerves, joints and connective structures are examined and correlated to show their functional as well as structural relationships. The laboratory portion of the class consists of the study of embalmed cadavers. The student will learn dissecting procedures and techniques to locate and identify specific muscles, nerves and vessels of the limbs and girdles. The relationships of these structures will be stressed giving the student a functional understanding of body mechanisms. Prerequisites: ANAT-114, ANAT-125

ANAT-637 Central Neuroanatomy Lab 2 units, 22 hours
This course conducts a detailed examination of the brain and spinal cord. Emphasis is placed upon the anatomical and functional organization of the central nervous system. Laboratory examination of preserved human brain tissue is included. Prerequisites: ANAT-114, ANAT-125

ANAT-638 Regional Anatomy II Lab 1.5 units, 33 hours
This course examines the anatomy of the head and neck. The general structure and actions of the muscles, as well as the anatomy of the joints, cranial cavity, viscerocranium, and neurovascular distribution, will be studied. The laboratory portion of the course will consist of embalmed cadaver dissection. The student will learn dissection procedures and techniques to locate and identify specific structures of the face, cranium, and neck. The relationships of these structures will be stressed, giving the student a functional understanding of body mechanisms. Prerequisites: ANAT-111, ANAT-126

ANAT-719 Regional Anatomy III Lab 1.5 units, 33 hours
This course is an examination of the anatomical relationships, contents, and functions of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Emphasis is placed upon the interrelationships of the various systems of the body. An understanding of internal organ structure and function provides the doctor of chiropractic with information which may be correlated with neurological knowledge they are trained to apply. The laboratory portion of the course will consist of embalmed cadaver dissection. The student will learn dissection techniques and procedures in order to locate and identify specific structures of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. Prerequisite: ANAT-138

Department of Physiology and Pathology

PHYS-115 Cellular Physiology 4 units, 44 hours
The structure and function of the cell and all its organelles are described, illustrating how life processes in the cell are reflected in the functioning of the whole body. Topics covered in detail are the structure and function of cell membranes; transport of material across membranes; protein structure and function; motility in cells (microfilaments and microtubules); carbohydrates and cellular respiration; ATP; nucleic acids; protein synthesis; mitosis; and meiosis.

PHYS-122 Systemic Physiology 5 units, 55 hours
This course investigates the functioning of the human body at the cellular, organ, and system levels. The role of the major physiological systems in maintaining homeostasis will be studied. The laboratory involves an introduction to instrumentation (such as EEGs, EMGs, ECGs, and Spirometry) used to measure and study physiological parameters. Students are introduced to methods of collection and analysis of data, and the preparation of laboratory reports. Prerequisite: PHYS-115

PHYS-220 Endocrinology 4 units, 44 hours
This course is a comprehensive study of the endocrine system. The role of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis and the relationship of the nervous system to the endocrine system are explored. Also, the pathological diseases and diagnostic procedures associated with endocrine imbalance are investigated. Prerequisites: PHYS-122, PHPA-212

PHYS-622 Systemic Physiology 1 units, 22 hours
This lab investigates the functioning of the human body at the cellular, organ, and system levels. The role of the major physiological systems in maintaining homeostasis will be studied. The laboratory involves an introduction to instrumentation (such as EEGs, EMGs, ECGs, and Spirometry) used to measure and study physiological parameters. Students are introduced to methods of collection and analysis of data, and the preparation of laboratory reports. Prerequisite: PHYS-115

PATH-120 General Pathology 3 units, 33 hours
This course deals with the investigation of those pathological mechanisms common to all tissue-cell pathology. Attention is paid to the processes of cellular adaptation, inflammation, repair, immunology, cellular accumulation, and neoplasia. Prerequisite: PHYS-115

PATH-132 Microbiology 3 units, 33 hours
This course compares the characteristics of eucaryotic microbes, procaryotic microbes, and viruses. Microbial growth and reproduction are studied as well as the role of various agents in the control of growth. The relationship between virulency of the parasite and resistance of the host is stressed as a paramount factor in the process of infectious disease. The immunological response of the host to the presence of microbes is also studied. The laboratory will introduce students to aseptic technique and the application of such procedures to the chiropractic clinic and practice. Students will also experience some of the procedures used to characterize and study microorganisms. Prerequisites: CHEM-121, PHYS-115, PATH-120

PATH-217 The Pathology of Infectious Diseases 4 units, 44 hours
This course includes a study of infectious diseases. Attention is given to nomenclature, classification, and study of parasitology, bacteriology, virology and mycology. Prerequisites: CHEM-133, PATH-132

PATH-218 The Pathology of Metabolic Diseases 2 units, 22 hours
This course covers those disorders which are not primarily caused by pathogenic organisms, but represent disruptions of normal metabolic processes within the body. The course also includes the effects of chemical, physical, and environmental trauma; selected street drugs; and medications. Prerequisites: CHEM-133, PATH-120, PHYS-122

PATH-221 Public Health I 4 units, 44 hours
Aspects of community health, including communicable diseases and the principles of disease control will be covered in this course. Prerequisite: PATH-217

PATH-227 Pathology Laboratory 2.5 units, 33 hours
The students are provided an opportunity to visualize the gross and microscopic anatomical nature of the pathological conditions which have been explained in the combined physio-path course series. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, PATH-120, PHPA-212, PHPA-225

PATH-438 Toxicology 2 units, 22 hours
This course covers substances which may, under certain circumstances, act as poisons. Included in the coverage are industrial, laboratory and agricultural chemicals, and drugs. Prerequisites: CHEM-223, PATH-227

PATH-632 Microbiology Lab 1 units, 22 hours
This lab compares the characteristics of eucaryotic microbes, procaryotic microbes, and viruses. Microbial growth and reproduction are studied as well as the role of various agents in the control of growth. The relationship between virulency of the parasite and resistance of the host is stressed as a paramount factor in the process of infectious disease. The immunological response of the host to the presence of microbes is also studied. The laboratory will introduce students to aseptic technique and the application of such procedures to the chiropractic clinic and practice. Students will also experience some of the procedures used to characterize and study microorganisms. Prerequisites: CHEM-121, PHYS-115, PATH-120

PHPA-131 Neuromuscular Physiopathology I 5 units, 55 hours
This course provides students with an understanding of the functional role of the nervous system in providing for the integration of the cells, tissues, and organs of the body, and its relationship to the clinical science of chiropractic. The course covers the types of bioelectric potentials produced by neurons and muscles, the diversity of synaptic junctions used, and the major pathways of sensation and movement. The role of the neuromuscular system in health and disease is explored. Prerequisites: ANAT-137, PHYS-122

PHPA-212 Neuromuscular Physiopathology II 5 units, 55 hours
This course examines a number of nervous system functions and the pathologies which affect them. The mechanisms by which the nervous system controls sensory and motor processes, vision, and autonomic function will be explored along with the pathologies which affect these functions.
Prerequisite: PHPA-131

PHPA-213 Gastrointestinal Physiopathology 3 units, 33 hours
Normal gastrointestinal physiology is studied. The most significant of the digestive system pathologies are studied, along with abnormal physiological states. Clinical considerations are extensively emphasized. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, PHYS-122

PHPA-224 Cardiovascular Physiopathology 5 units, 55 hours
The normal parameters and physiological processes of the cardiovascular system are discussed with the associated pathological conditions used to further the understanding of the norms. The student will become familiar with interpreting graphs and other expressions relating information about the cardiovascular system. Emphasis is placed on how the various pathologies can be recognized by the chiropractor. Overall, an analytical, diagnostic thought process is encouraged. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, PHYS-122

PHPA-225 Renal-Pulmonary Physiopathology 4 units, 44 hours
This course explores the functions of urinary and respiratory systems and their interrelationship with a variety of body systems and with each other. Pathologies such as emphysema, asthma, uremia and acidosis are thoroughly explored. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, PHYS-122

PHPA-337 Reproductive Physiopathology 3 units, 33 hours
The endocrinology of both the male and female reproductive systems is studied as are abnormal endocrine states. Pathologies of male and female reproductive systems, infertility, and psychosexual disorders are studied. Clinical considerations are emphasized. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, PHYS-220

Department of Chiropractic Philosophy & Principles

CP-118 Spinal Anatomy I 4.5 units, 66 hours
This course is a study of the spine, its bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles; and its relationship with and relation to the neurovascular elements involved. Emphasis is given to a chiropractic perspective on these details. Lab includes work with dry bones, charts and posters, x-ray anatomy, and cadaver prosections.

CP-127 Introduction to Research Methodology 2 units, 22 hours
This course is designed to introduce the student to research in chiropractic. Emphasis shall be placed on the importance of research in the profession for the advancement of chiropractic ideals, the validation of chiropractic procedures, and the development of more effective and reliable chiropractic techniques. The student will become familiar with scientific methods, the construction of a scientific paper, and important criteria for the evaluation of scientific claims.

CP-128 Spinal Anatomy II 1.5 units, 22 hours
This course emphasizes the study of the muscles, blood, and nerve supply of the back. The course consists of one hour lecture and one hour lab per week. The lab involves examination of the structures in relationship to the bony anatomy of the spine. By using a variety of instructional techniques, including cadaver prosections of the spine, the student has an opportunity for a more thorough understanding of this region of the body. Prerequisite: CP-118

CP-216 Biomechanics of the Spine 5 units, 55 hours
This course focuses on the spine and how it works as a functional biomechanical unit. The individual joints of the spine are studied, as well as basic principles of biomechanics and kinesiology. Prerequisite: CP-118

CP-244 Scientific Basis of Chiropractic and the Subluxation Complex A 3 units, 33 hours
This course is an introduction to the literature concerning the scientific examination of the subluxation and its physiological and anatomical basis. The physiology, neurology, and biomechanics of subluxation and adjustment are surveyed. Prerequisite: CP-216

CP-344 Scientific Basis of Chiropractic and the Subluxation Complex B 2 units, 22 hours
This course is an introduction to the literature concerning the scientific examination of the subluxation and its physiological and anatomical basis. The physiology, neurology, and biomechanics of subluxation and adjustment are surveyed. Prerequisite: CP-216

CP-235 Chiropractic Clinical Research Methodology 2 units, 22 hours
This course is designed with a two-fold emphasis: First, it is intended to give the student an appreciation of chiropractic research and theories of subluxation. Secondly, this course is intended to give the student hands-on experience writing a case study report. Consideration of research methods, statistical procedures, and elements of research design will be integrated into the content of the course. Prerequisite: CP-127

CP-425 Ethics and Jurisprudence 2 units, 22 hours
This course introduces the student to California law as it relates to the practice of chiropractic; to the responsibilities of the parties in the doctor-patient relationship; to ethical issues encountered in the practice of chiropractic; and to the legal aspects of diagnosis and referral. Emphasis is placed on thoroughness of clinical procedures, complete record-keeping, and maintenance of high ethical standards. Prerequisite: CLIN-321

PR-437 Office Procedures and Management 5 units, 55 hours
This course deals with the establishment and maintenance of a successful chiropractic practice. The practical aspects of bank proposals, developing patient record systems, front office operations, insurance billing procedures, public relations, guidelines for promotions, and day-to-day patient management procedures will be presented. The course will introduce the student to basic office procedures, including front desk organization, bookkeeping methods, accounting procedures, patient flow, and record keeping. Through class lecture, experiential class time, and guest presentations, the student will be exposed to the concepts of practice management, success principles, and staying-on purpose.
Prerequisite: CLIN-332

CP-500 Seminar 1 unit, 11 hours
The purpose of the seminar program is to provide insight into the chiropractic profession as a whole. Many subjects are explored, from chiropractic science, philosophy, and practice to public health issues, politics, and ethics.

PHIL-117 Principles of Chiropractic Philosophy and History 3 units, 33 hours
This course offers an introduction to the chiropractic profession. Each student develops preliminary ideas on a wide range of issues facing the profession in response to lectures, discussions, and reading. Topics covered include traditional chiropractic philosophy; ethical, economic, and political issues; history of the profession; an introduction to the range of chiropractic techniques; and the personal qualities required of an excellent chiropractor.

PHIL-215 Perspectives of Chiropractic Philosophy 2 units, 22 hours
This course offers current perspectives facing the profession and includes historical fundamental principles. Topics covered will add to the body of knowledge necessary to develop the thinking and personal qualities of today's chiropractor. Prerequisite: PHIL-117

PHIL-338 Applied Philosophy 2 units, 22 hours
This course focuses on issues faced by interns beginning to care for chiropractic outpatients. Students further develop their ideas about chiropractic and their interpersonal skills. It includes a review of theories of subluxation and the effects of adjustments. Prerequisite: PHIL-215

PHIL-328 Communication of Chiropractic Philosophy 3 units, 33 hours
This course focuses on issues faced by students making the transition from intern to doctor of chiropractic. Students further develop their ideas about chiropractic and their interpersonal skills. It includes practice in communicating about chiropractic to their community, to prospective patients and to patients once they are under chiropractic care. Prerequisite: PHIL-338

PHIL-434 Chiropractic Philosophy in Practice 5 units, 55 hours
This is an interactive, process-oriented course in which students draw from their clinical experience and concepts from previous philosophy classes. Emphasis is upon practical application of philosophy and transition from the role of student to the role of doctor. Prerequisite: PHIL-328

CP-433 Public Health II 4 units, 44 hours
This course is designed to make the student aware of the role they will play in community health care. Professional responsibilities to the community in and outside the office or practice mode are also stressed. Major current health and social issues confronting chiropractic will be discussed. The student will be encouraged to develop goals of appropriate diagnosis and referral. The role of the chiropractor as an educator in the area of public health will be developed and stressed. Prerequisites: PHIL-328, CP-425

Department of Technique and Analysis

ANLS-116 Palpation I 1 unit, 22 hours
In this course the student learns to identify bony landmarks, count vertebrae, and locate each vertebrae of the spine. The student also begins to develop awareness and skills in the areas of the doctor-patient relationship, communication, and ergonomics.

ANLS-124 Palpation II 1 unit, 22 hours
This course is an introduction to the use of palpation, both static and motion, in obtaining a listing. Several named systems are introduced from the perspectives of techniques taught at Life West. Emphasis is placed on the upper cervical complex. Prerequisite: ANLS-116

ANLS-123 Exam Procedures 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course is an introduction to chiropractic examination, including the location of spinal landmarks, postural analysis, and motion palpation. The concepts of patient management and basic x-ray studies are introduced. Prerequisite: ANLS-116

ANLS-129 Motion Palpation 1 unit, 22 hours
This course is an introduction to end-play motion palpation as a system to analyze joint integrity. Major emphasis is on the spinal articulations. Extremity joint motion is also introduced. Prerequisites: ANLS-123,124

ANLS-317 Correlative Chiropractic Exam 4 units, 55 hours
This course has been designed to correlate and review useful information received in previous courses and to integrate supportive new material that will prepare the student for the development of their clinical and professional skills and obligations. Prerequisites: ANLS-134, DIAG-237, CP-216

TECH-130 Diversified I 3 units, 55 hours
This is a survey course of Diversified techniques, including moves for adjusting the following areas: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic. Prerequisites: ANLS-134, CP-118

TECH-211 Gonstead A 3.5 units, 55 hours
This course represents the initial exposure to the Gonstead Technique. Specifically, the course will cover location, correction, and management of pelvic, sacral, coccyx and lumbar subluxations. All of the Gonstead system will be utilized including visualization, palpation, instrumentation, x-ray analysis, adjustive procedures, and patient management. Prerequisite: TECH-130

TECH-222 Gonstead B 3.5 units, 55 hours
This course is a continuation of Gonstead Technique with an emphasis on practical application of knee-chest table and cervical chair adjusting. The student chiropractor will learn to demonstrate competency in all aspects of the Gonstead procedure and analysis. Prerequisites: TECH-211, CP-216

TECH-233 Toggle 2 units, 33 hours
This course introduces the biomechanics, instrumentation, and x-ray analysis of the upper cervical region along with the Upper Cervical Specific Adjustment Technique (Toggle- Recoil). Palpation and leg check skills are further developed for the upper cervical region. The philosophical context of the specific atlas subluxation complex is explored. Prerequisites: ANLS-134, CP-216

TECH-238 Diversified II 1 unit, 22 hours
This course develops hands-on skills in Full Spine General Diversified Techniques. Emphasis will be on actual patient adjusting, incorporating previously learned methods. Special attention will be given to the introduction of Diversified Cervical Chair moves and side posture lumbar and pelvic moves. Prerequisites: ANLS-134, TECH-130

TECH-318 NUCCA 3 units, 44 hours
This course is an introduction to the National Upper Cervical Chiropractic Association (NUCCA) system of vectored adjusting of the atlas vertebra, using the triceps pull and a specific line of correction. The system utilizes pre- and post- x-ray, supine leg checks, and anatometer findings. Prerequisite: TECH-233

TECH-325 Integrated Drop Table Techniques 2 units, 33 hours
Several major methods utilizing specific drop table adjusting are explored, with emphasis on Thompson, Harrison Biophysics, Pierce-Stillwagon, Diversified, and others. Implications of the Derefield leg check are addressed. Prerequisite: TECH-130

TECH-336 Extremity Adjusting 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course covers various aspects of extremity adjusting with an emphasis on short lever adjusting and the Gonstead system of analysis. Supportive case management and follow- up procedures are included. Prerequisites: TECH-222, DIAG-327

Technique Electives

There are 9 technique electives available to students enrolled in Sophomore, Junior, and Senior classes. Completion of one technique elective is a graduation requirement. the student may take 2 electives free of additional cost and other techniques may be taken as space permits. Prerequisites: ANLS-134, TECH-130 plus additional courses as noted.

TECH-090 Activator 2.5 units, 33 hours
This is a basic comprehensive introduction to the Activator Method of adjusting the full spine using the handheld Activator instrument. The leg check as the means of analysis is covered in depth. Prerequisite: CP-234

TECH-091 Motion Palpation Technique 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course emphasizes the practical application of the chiropractic adjustment to the human vertebral column and extremities via dynamic palpation.

TECH-092 SOT II 1 unit, 22 hours
This course is a continuation and expansion of the introductory SOT course. The course will focus on expanding the student*s understanding and skills in diagnosing and managing categories I, II, and III. Prerequisite: TECH-417

TECH-094 Activator II 1 unit, 22 hours
This course is designed to present advanced technique protocols for total spinal and pelvic areas. Instruction includes a total low force, non-invasive extremity adjusting technique. Prerequisite: TECH-090

TECH-417 SOT I 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course consists of the analysis and diagnosis of spinal musculoskeletal disorders according to the Sacro-Occipital Technique, and covers the categorization of subluxations and their specific correction.

TECH-418 Chiropractic Biophysics 2.5 units, 33 hours
Chiropractic Biophysics is a full spine adjustive technique with emphasis on Upper Cervical procedures. Subluxation of the spinal column is discussed in mechanical terms, electromagnetical terms, and physiological terms. The technique includes adjusting, both by hand and instrument. Analytical procedures include visualization, x-ray analysis and leg check. Prerequisite: CP-216

TECH-419 NUCCA II 1 unit, 22 hours
This course will include advanced x-ray analysis, technique review, instrumentation and the specific criteria for care. Prerequisite: TECH-318

TECH-096 Logan 2.5 units, 33 hours
Logan is a low force technique based on spinal biomechanics. The student will learn numerous indicators and corrective contacts.

TECH-098 B.E.S.T. 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course introduces the student to the Bio-Energetic Syncronization Technique. The student will learn a variety of tests to evaluate the patient's sensory system and soft tissue aimed at re-balancing the nervous system.

Department of Clinical Education

CLIN-310 Pre-clinic (Introduction to Clinic) 1 unit, 11 hours
An orientation to the clinic: the facilities, policies, procedures, and proper patient protocol.

CLIN-321 Clinic I 2 units, 22 hours
1 unit * Entrance Examination * 501 The student is provided the clinic manual and is instructed in the application of policy and procedure in regard to the laws of the state of California, the CCE and LCCW Standards, and proper patient protocol. It is the student's first opportunity to assume the responsibility of caring for student patients. Prerequisites: CLIN-310, clinic entrance requirements available from the registrar's office.

CLIN-319 Practice Skills I 1 unit, 11 hours
This course provides the student with the basic understanding of skills necessary to market a chiropractic practice and design patient education programs.

CLIN-332 Clinic II 3 units, 106 hours
The student is instructed in basic patient case management skills and in a review of the patient case record requirements. It is the student's first opportunity to assume the responsibility of caring for public out-patients and continued care for student patients. Prerequisites: CLIN-310, CLIN-321

CLIN-341 Practice Skills II 1 unit, 11 hours
This course provides the student with the skills necessary to utilize patient education and referrals to expand a chiropractic practice.

CLIN-413 Clinic III 4 units, 153 hours
1 unit * Mid-Proficiency Examination * 502 The student is instructed in intermediate patient case management skills and will continue to care for public out-patients and student patients. Prerequisites: CLIN-310, CLIN-321, CLIN-332

CLIN-342 Practice Skills III 1 unit, 11 hours
This course provides the student with practical information concerning accident and industrial cases. It will also address the practical aspects of the patient interview, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, and fees.

CLIN-424 Clinic IV 4 units, 153 hours
The student is instructed in intermediate patient case management skills and will continue to care for public out-patients and student patients. Prerequisites: CLIN-310, CLIN-321, CLIN-332, CLIN-413

CLIN-343 Practice Skills IV 1 unit, 11 hours
This course will provide the student with the basic skills needed to develop the business management plan necessary to open a new chiropractic office. It will include information on feasibility studies, banking, business insurance, low-cost marketing, and office design.

CLIN-435 Clinic V 3 units, 106 hours
1 unit * Exit Examination * 503 The student is instructed in advanced patient case management skills and will continue to care for public out-patients and student patients. Prerequisite: CLIN-310, CLIN-321, CLIN-332, CLIN-413, CLIN-424

CLIN-432 Chiropractic Case Management 3 units, 33 hours
This course offers students the opportunity to synthesize information from the series of diagnosis courses offered throughout the curriculum and to develop their individual approach to case management. Students will present their chiropractic clinic cases to a panel of expert practitioners for analysis and discussion. Field doctors will present cases from their practices to provide a variety of perspectives and approaches on common conditions seen in the chiropractic office. Prerequisites: DIAG-408, DIAG-409, DIAG-416, RADI-335, DIAG-412, DIAG-426, DIAG-427, DIAG-331

ACS-232 Emergency Care 2 units, 33 hours
The goal of this course is to allow the student doctor of chiropractic to gain the knowledge, perception, and confidence to handle health emergencies wherever they may occur; in the office, on the street, and in the home. The following topics will be covered in detail: patient assessment, CPR, medical, traumatic and environmental emergencies and first aid. Prerequisites: ANAT-219, CP-128, PHYS-122, PATH-221

ACS-322 Physiotherapy I 3 units, 33 hours
This course focuses on the assessment techniques of postural analysis and muscle testing preliminary to developing an exercise regimen and rehabilitation protocol for a chiropractic management plan. Stretching and strengthening programs, cervical and low back supports, wobble boards and gym balls will be discussed in relationship to chiropractic rehabilitation. Prerequisites: PHIL-117, PHIL-215, PHPA-212

ACS-311 Physiotherapy II 4 units, 44 hours
This course includes theory, principles, and use of standard recognized physiotherapy equipment. The course is designed to allow the student to develop a working knowledge of the physics and functions of the commonly employed therapeutic modalities. Prerequisite: CLIN-322

ACS-822 Physiotherapy I Lab 1 units, 22 hours
This lab focuses on the assessment techniques of postural analysis and muscle testing preliminary to developing an exercise regimen and rehabilitation protocol for a chiropractic management plan. Stretching and strengthening programs, cervical and low back supports, wobble boards and gym balls will be discussed in relationship to chiropractic rehabilitation. Prerequisites: PHIL-117, PHIL-215, PHPA-212

ACS-811 Physiotherapy II Lab .5 units, 11 hours
This lab includes theory, principles, and use of standard recognized physiotherapy equipment. The course is designed to allow the student to develop a working knowledge of the physics and functions of the commonly employed therapeutic modalities. Prerequisite: CLIN-322

Department of Diagnosis

IAG-236 Exam: Thorax and Abdomen 4 units, 55 hours
This course develops the student's understanding and clinical skills needed in evaluation of the heart, lungs, lymphatic and peripheral vascular systems, and abdomen. It explores the relevant historical data, physical examinations, and basic interpretations of significant clinical findings. Correlation of understanding with the development of the necessary psychomotor skills to perform and evaluate physical examination of these anatomical areas is emphasized. Prerequisite: PHPA-224, PHPA-225, PATH-227

DIAG-237 Neurologic Examination 3.5 units, 44 hours
This course covers the examination procedures used to evaluate nervous system function, differentiation of normal and abnormal exam results, and localization of the lesion. Prerequisite: CP-216, PHPA-212

DIAG-239 Spinal Orthopedic Examination 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course is the first of a two part series in orthopedic examination with emphasis on orthopedic examination of the spine. The orthopedic examinations for the cervical spine, thoracic outlet, lumbar spine, and sacroiliac regions will be covered in detail. Prerequisite: CP-216

DIAG-226 Case History and Introduction to Diagnosis 3 units, 33 hours
This course is an introduction to the principles of diagnosis utilized in the evaluation of clinical data and the basic steps involved in arriving at a clinical impression. The patient case history and general patient assessment will be covered in detail. The course will include instruction on writing the case narrative report and diagnosis. Prerequisite: DIAG-236, DIAG-237, DIAG-239, RADI-315

DIAG-327 Biomechanics and Examination of the Extremities 4 units, 55 hours
This course is designed to instruct the student in extremity biomechanics, extremity physical examination procedures, and extremity orthopedic testing procedures. The student will learn the basic biomechanics of the extremities; the relationship of lower extremity biomechanics to the spine and pelvis; the relationship of abnormal biomechanics to injury; the performance and interpretation of standard orthopedic tests of the extremities; and the recognition and diagnosis of the major pathological conditions affecting the extremities. Prerequisite: ANAT-126, DIAG-239

DIAG-316 Exam: Eyes, Ears, Nose, and Throat 4 units, 55 hours
The focus of this course is on gaining the understanding and skills needed to evaluate the skin, nails, head, neck, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat. The last part of the course is devoted to integration of a thorough physical examination utilizing the understanding and skills gained from all of the physical diagnosis courses. Prerequisite: DIAG-236

DIAG-340 Neurologic Diagnosis 3 units, 33 hours
This course is an expansion of the neurologic examination and diagnosis begun in DIAG-237, Neurologic Examination. The course begins with a review of the neurologic examination. Examination findings in spinal and peripheral nerve involvements will be reviewed, compared, and contrasted so that the student will be able to differentiate these conditions to institute appropriate care or referral. Common patterns of sensory, motor, and reflex deficits in peripheral nerve, spinal nerve, spinal cord, brain stem, and higher centers will be covered. Prerequisite: DIAG-237, DIAG-239

DIAG-345 Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis A 3.5 units, 44 hours
This course is designed to teach students the proper usage of the clinical laboratory within the practice of chiropractic. Emphasis is placed on hematology, clinical chemistry and urology interpretation, and integration with the patient history and physical examination. The laboratory section will focus on interpretation of clinical laboratory data. Prerequisite: PATH-227, PHPA-213, PHPA-224, PHPA-225, PHPA-337, RADI-315, DIAG-316, DIAG-226

DIAG-346 Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis B 3.5 units, 44 hours
This course is designed to teach students the proper usage of the clinical laboratory within the practice of chiropractic. Emphasis is placed on hematology, clinical chemistry and urology interpretation, and integration with the patient history and physical examination. The laboratory section will focus on interpretation of clinical laboratory data. Prerequisite: PATH-227, PHPA-213, PHPA-224, PHPA-225, PHPA-337, RADI-315, DIAG-316, DIAG-226

DIAG-420 Gastrointestinal-Genitourinary Diagnosis 4 units, 44 hours
This course expands the student's understanding of the gastrointestinal and male genitourinary systems and emphasizes their clinical presentations. These areas and their particular problems are the focus of diagnostic efforts in this course. Given the case history, physical exam, and radiologic and laboratory findings, the student will then be in a position to establish a diagnosis and prognosis. The student will be able to recognize those conditions outside the scope of chiropractic, for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: DIAG-236, DIAG-226; Concurrent enrollment: DIAG-326

DIAG-323 Obstetrics 2 units, 22 hours
Prenatal care, childbirth and postpartum care are studied. The emphasis is on the clinical presentation of common obstetrical disorders, their clinical pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and medical and chiropractic management. The student will be able to recognize those conditions outside the scope of chiropractic for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: PHPA-337, CP-216, DIAG-340

DIAG-330 Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Disorders A 2 units, 22 hours
This course will address the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of orthopedic spinal disorders. The course begins with a review of the clinical histology and pathophysiology of skin, muscle, connective tissue, and nerve. The orthopedic examination will be reviewed, and radiographic manifestations of soft tissue disorders will be discussed. The information from history, physical examination, and radiographic examinations will be integrated to arrive at a diagnosis. Treatment methods designed to rationally alter the involved pathophysiological process will be discussed. Prerequisite: DIAG-226, DIAG-239, DIAG-237, ACS-322, ACS-311, RADI-335, ANLS-317

DIAG-339 Extremity Soft Tissue Management 2.5 units, 33 hours
This course is designed to further the student's understanding of the analysis, diagnosis, and treatment of soft tissue injuries of the extremities. Emphasis is placed on the student's understanding of the mechanism of injury and the patient's pathophysiological state upon presentation. This will assure specifically designed treatment and rehabilitation programs. Special attention is directed toward specific sports injuries. Prerequisite: DIAG-327, ACS-322, ACS-311, RADI-335

DIAG-426 Pediatrics 5 units, 55 hours
Consideration is given to the physical and mental development of the infant, child, and adolescent. The student will be instructed in the examination of the newborn with consideration of its nutritional and general health needs. Study of diseases common to childhood and adolescence, and social and psychological problems associated with adolescence are undertaken. Emphasis is placed on diagnosis and treatment relative to the neuromusculoskeletal aspects of the pre-pubertal child. Prerequisite: DIAG-327, DIAG-340, DIAG-323, DIAG-326, DIAG-420, RADI-335 Concurrent: DIAG-412

DIAG-412 Cardiovascular-Pulmonary Diagnosis 4 units, 44 hours
This course is designed to expand the student's understanding of cardiovascular-pulmonary pathophysiologies, and emphasizes their clinical presentations. Standard diagnostic, chiropractic, and allopathic approaches are studied. Radiologic evaluation of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are studied and correlated with other significant clinical data. The student will be able to recognize conditions outside the scope of chiropractic for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: DIAG-226, DIAG-236, DIAG-326, RADI-313

DIAG-416 Neuromusculoskeletal Diagnosis and Management 3 units, 33 hours
This course is designed as a synthesis class concerning neuromusculoskeletal diagnosis and management. The course will serve to review and integrate knowledge and skills previously covered in the curriculum. Selected topics will be chosen from among the common clinical conditions affecting the cervical spine, lumbar spine, pelvis, and extremities. Prerequisite: DIAG-330, DIAG-339, ANLS-317, TECH-336, TECH-318, TECH-325, TECH-238, TECH 222

DIAG-415 Geriatrics 4 units, 44 hours
This course begins with a survey of the aging process. Consideration is given to case history, examination, health problems, and preventive health care of the geriatric patient. The student will study the diseases and disorders prevalent in this group and their treatment by chiropractic and allopathy. Nutritional, psychological, ergonomic, as well as social and economic problems of the elderly are studied. The effects of aging and the chronic degenerative processes on the neuromusculoskeletal system are studied. Prerequisite: DIAG-327, DIAG-330, DIAG-420, DIAG-326, DIAG-412, RADI-324, RADI-335

DIAG-408 Differential Diagnosis A 3 units, 33 hours
This course will enable the student to identify the most classic presentations of musculoskeletal complaints seen in the chiropractic office. The student will further differentiate these complaints from other diseases when given a case history, physical examination information, radiological studies, and laboratory test results. The student will establish a prognosis, determine the chiropractic management and recognize those conditions outside the scope of chiropractic for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: DIAG-226, DIAG-330, DIAG-326, DIAG-327, DIAG-340, ANLS-317

DIAG-430 Diagnosis and Management of Spinal Disorders B 3 units, 33 hours
This course will address the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of neurologic spinal disorders, The course begins with a review of the clinical histology and pathophysiology of skin, muscle, connective tissue, and nerve. The neurologic examination will be reviewed, and radiographic manifestations of soft tissue disorders will be discussed. The information from history, physical examination, and radiographic examinations will be integrated to arrive at a diagnosis. Treatment methods designed to rationally alter the involved pathophysiological process will be discussed. Prerequisite: DIAG-330, DIAG-416, RADI-207

DIAG-423 Gynecology 2 units, 22 hours
The emphasis of this course is on the clinical presentation of common gynecological disorders; their clinical pathophysiology, diagnosis, prognosis; and chiropractic and allopathic management. The student will be able to recognize those conditions outside the scope of chiropractic for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: PhPa-337, DIAG-326, DIAG-323

DIAG-409 Differential Diagnosis B 2 units, 22 hours
This course is a continuation of DIAG-408 with an emphasis on differentiating neurological complaints; general concerns such as fatigue, weight loss, and fever; and selected systems such as gastrointestinal genitourinary, cardiovascular pulmonary, and special conditions. The student will recognize those conditions outside the scope of chiropractic for referral to other health care practitioners. Prerequisite: DIAG-408, DIAG-416, DIAG-412, DIAG-420, DIAG-329, DIAG-415, RADI-207

DIAG-331 Psychiatry 4 units, 44 hours
This course is designed to make the chiropractic student aware of the significance of the psychological status of their patients; to present the student with a basis for evaluating the need to refer patients to mental health professionals; to help the student develop rapport and communication techniques; and to familiarize the student with the principles of stress and psychosomatic disease as they relate to patients and to the health care professionals themselves. Prerequisite: DIAG-226, DIAG-340, clinic enrollment

Department of Imaging (Radiology)

RADI-315 Bone and Joint Pathodiagnosis 3 units, 33 hours
This course focuses on the pathological and clinical presentations of conditions affecting the skeleton. Topics addressed include arthritis, neoplasm, osteoporosis, fracture, infection, avascular necrosis, and skeletal dysplasia. X-rays will be introduced to illustrate various disorders. Prerequisites: ANAT-138, CP-128

RADI-231 Physics of Diagnostic Radiology 3 units, 33 hours
This course is an introduction to the physics of x-ray. Photon production, projection, collimation, attenuation, and image formation are among the topics considered. The various components of x-ray systems are studied as are the fundamentals of darkroom procedure. Emphasis is placed on the biological effects of ionizing radiation and on patient protection.

RADI-313 Radiology I 4 units, 44 hours
First in the radiologic diagnosis series, this course is designed to acquaint the student with basic radiographic anatomy. The course covers normal radiographic anatomy, roentgenometrics, and common normal variants. X-ray report writing will be introduced. Prerequisites: ANAT-111, CP-118, RAD-231, RADI-315

RADI-813 Radiology I Lab 1 units, 22 hours
First in the radiologic diagnosis series, this lab course is designed to acquaint the student with basic radiographic anatomy. The course covers normal radiographic anatomy, roentgenometrics, and common normal variants. X-ray report writing will be introduced. Prerequisites: ANAT-611, CP-118, RAD-231, RADI-315

RADI-312 Radiographic Positioning 2 units, 33 hours
This is a practical course in radiologic technique with emphasis on special chiropractic procedures. Machine operation and patient positioning are demonstrated and discussed. Radiography of the appendicular skeleton is included. Emphasis is placed on patient and operator protection and radiographic quality assurance. Prerequisites: RADI-313, RADI-231

RADI-335 Radiology II 4 units, 55 hours
Radiology II, a continuation in the radiology diagnostic series, is designed to reinforce the material of Radiology I. Normal radiographic findings are compared to abnormal radiographic findings. Trauma and arthritis are the primary conditions covered. This class has designated open lab hours. Prerequisites: RADI-313, RADI-231

RADI-324 Radiology III 4 units, 55 hours
Radiology III is a continuation of Radiology I and II, and follows the approach initiated during Radiology II. Normal radiographic findings are compared to abnormal radiographic findings. Bone tumors, infections, and metabolic diseases are covered. This class has designated open lab hours. Prerequisites: RADI-312, RADI-313

RADI-207 Radiology Review A 2 units, 22 hours
This is the first in a series of classes that review the radiology diagnosis courses I through III. Students not only practice differentiating normal from abnormal radiographic findings, but also categorize abnormal conditions as congenital, metabolic, infectious, traumatic, neoplastic, and arthritic. The focus of this class is report writing and the proper use of terminology. Students will review cases and practice writing and critiquing reports. Review for Part IV of the National Boards will also be included. Prerequisites: RADI-313, RADI-324, RADI-335

RADI-307 Radiology Review B 2 units, 22 hours
This course continues the radiology review series, with an emphasis on advanced imaging. Students will be able to request appropriate studies and interpret the results. Prerequisites: RADI-207, Mid-Proficiency Exam

RADI-407 Radiology Review C 1 unit, 11 hours
This final course in the radiology review series will focus on integrating material from all the other radiology classes, using the vehicle of case presentation. Students will receive information about setting up their office x-ray equipment. Prerequisite: RADI-30